Schlesinger is a German surname (in part also Jewish) meaning "Silesian" and may refer to:

• Adam Schlesinger (1967–2020), American composer and musician
• Adolf Martin Schlesinger (1769–1838), German founder of A.M. Schlesingers Musikhandlung
• Alan Schlesinger (born 1960), American politician and Republican candidate for the U.S. Senate in Connecticut in 2006
• Alice Schlesinger (born 1988), Israeli Olympic judoka
• Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Sr. (1888–1965), American historian and professor at Harvard University
• Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Jr. (1917–2007), son of the above, American historian, social critic and former John F. Kennedy associate
• Bruno Schlesinger (1876–1962), American German-born conductor and composer who changed his name to "Bruno Walter" in 1911
• Carl Schlesinger (1813–1871), Austrian cellist
• Christina Schlesinger, American artist
• Cory Schlesinger (born 1972), American football player
• David Schlesinger (born 1960), American journalist who is the Editor-in-Chief of Reuters
• Don Schlesinger, American gaming mathematician, author, lecturer and famous blackjack player
• Elyakim Schlesinger, English rabbi
• Frank Schlesinger (1871–1943), American astronomer
• Hanan Schlesinger, Israeli rabbi
• Hermann Irving Schlesinger (1882–1960), American chemist
• James R. Schlesinger (1929–2014), U.S. Secretary of Defense (1973–1974) and first Secretary of Energy (1977-1979)
• Joe Schlesinger (born 1928), Canadian television journalist and author
• John Schlesinger (1926–2003), British film director
• Katharine Schlesinger, British actress
• Kathleen Schlesinger, British musicologist (1862 Holywood near Belfast - 1953 London)
• Kurt Schlesinger (1902-1964), a war criminal, head of the Jewish Security Service in Westerbork transit camp
• Leon Schlesinger (1884–1949), American Looney Tunes producer
• Leonard Schlesinger, American economist
• Ludwig Schlesinger (1864–1933), Hungarian-German mathematician
• Marcus Schlesinger, Israeli swimmer
• Piero Schlesinger (1930–2020), Italian banker and lawyer
• Rudolf Schlesinger (1909–1996), German-born Professor of Comparative Law at Cornell University, Director of the Cornell Common Core Project
• T.E. (Ed) Schlesinger, American engineer and physicist
• Walter Schlesinger (1908–1984), German historian

Things that are named after people with this surname:

• Leon Schlesinger Productions, the 1933 founding name of The Warner Bros. animation division, named after Leon Schlesinger
• Schlesinger (crater), a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon
• Schlesinger Building, a skyscraper in Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
• Schlesinger institute, Research institute for Jewish medical ethics, named after Falk Schlesinger M.D.
• Schlesinger Library, a research library at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, named after Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr.